| 摘要 |
540,050. Alkyl nitrates. STEVENS, A. H. (Sharples Solvents Corporation). March 29, 1940, No. 5722. Drawings to Specification. [Class 2 (iii)] Alkyl nitrates are produced by reacting in alcohol with nitric acid of 35-68 per cent. strength under a pressure of 20-650 mm., the nitrate being removed by azeotropicdistillation, water (or in the case of ethyl or methyl nitrate, the ester) being returned from the distillate or otherwise to the reaction vessel to prevent accumulation of ester or water. The invention is applicable to the esterification of dihydric alcohols. Urea is preferably added during the process, and the water to be returned may be added in the form of solvent or diluent of the nitric acid, urea or alcohol. Examples 1-11 describe the esterification of n-butyl, 2-chlorethyl, mixed amyl, secondary amyl, iso-amyl, n-amyl, n-hexyl, secondary hexyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, cyclohexyl, and octyl nitrates, using the reagents in the liquid phase. The alcohol may be supplied in the liquid or vapour phase. Another example describes the production of isopropyl nitrate, the alcohol being supplied in the form of vapour above the surface of the nitric acid. Specification 379,312 is referred to.
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