A heat transfer apparatus

摘要

An apparatus comprises a housing having a wall, at least a portion of the wall is thermally conductive. A working fluid is enclosed within the housing and can change phase between a liquid phase and a vapor phase when it exchanges heat with the thermally conductive portion of the wall. The apparatus further has an electrode located inside the housing. When a voltage is applied between the electrode and an electrically conductive portion of the wall an electric field is generated which capable of exerting a force on the working fluid to thereby cause the working fluid to move under the effect of said force.