| 摘要 |
FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: proposed invention is related to agriculture and biotechnology, namely to mushroom growing. Objective of the present invention is development of method for growth of oyster mushrooms, which provides for guaranteed increase of crops and simplification and cheapening of method for production of substrate planting mycelium for their extensive cultivation. Stated objective is achieved by combination of two technologies - intensive growth of oyster mushrooms and production of substrate planting mycelium for their cultivation in extensive mushroom growing. As for intensive growth of oyster mushrooms, stated objective is achieved by the fact that growth of mushrooms is carried out in liter glass jars (it is possible to use jars with capacity of 0.7-1.5 l), filled with substrate, which are closed with two layers of crimped foil, without tying, and after sterilisation in autoclave at the pressure of at least 1.6-1.8 atm. for 3 hours and after cooling, substrate surface is inoculated with mother mycelium, leaving at the same time distance from 1 cm (0.5-1 cm) between inoculated surface of substrate and foil coating. Silting of substrate surface is carried out for 32-38 days at the temperature of 20-22C. After silting jar covers are not removed, and mushroom outgrowths that come out of cover outside are carefully picked by downward hand motion, holding cover. There are two main fruiting "waves", with interval of 8-16 days. In the first two main "waves" fruit yield is very high. After the second main fruiting, cover is removed. As for method for production of substrate planting mycelium for provision of mass extensive mushroom growing - as substrate planting mycelium, they use chaff-sawdust nutrient substrate spent in two main fruiting "waves" in process of intensive oyster mushroom growth, with ratio of 2:1, from which upper 2nd centimetre layer is removed (which is older physiologically with remains of air mycelium and outgrowths bases, possible surface infection, laying of flies and mushroom mosquitoes). Substrate is accumulated and stored in perforated plastic bags in refrigerating chambers at low positive temperatures (3-5C) until spring selling to mushroom growers and farmers. In process of summer mushroom fruiting with intense cultivation based on heat resistant lemon cap oyster mushroom, four fruiting "waves" are produced, and spent substrate is used to prepare fungus compost (organic fertiliser for vegetable growing). Proposed method is tested on the basis of biotechnologies and plant protection department GNU-DV awarded with order of the Red Banner of Labour in Research Institute of Agriculture of Russian Agricultural Academy, and substrate planting mycelium is tested by amateur mushroom growers and farmers under conditions of Khabarovsk neighborhood for growing of mushrooms by means of extensive method. ^ EFFECT: preservation of internal aseptic property of substrate, reduced labour expenses and improved profitability of specialised mushroom farms operation. ^ 3 cl, 3 tbl, 2 dwg |
