| 摘要 |
<p>Disclosed are electronically perturbed asymmetric aromatic ligands. In one aspect, the ligands are polyfluorinated. The ligands may be nucleophilically substituted. The ligands have many useful applications including catalytic applications. In a preferred aspect, the ligands are polyfluorinated binaphthyl ring derivatives, which are 2,2' dihydroxy or dialkoxy substituted.</p> |
