Quaternary ammonium compounds, their preparation and use

摘要

Quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula <IMAGE> in which A represents a radical -CO-O-R1-, -(OR1)x-OCO-CH2-, -CO-NH-R2-, -NH-CO-O-R1-, -(OR1)x-OCH2CO-OR1- or -(OR1)x- or a single bond, B represents the radical -(R1-O)y-R3-(O-R1)z, R represents an alkyl or alkenyl radical each having 8-22 C atoms or a cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical each having 10-22 C atoms, R1 and R2 represent a C2- or C3-alkylene radical, R3 represents a C2-C18-alkylene radical which is optionally interrupted by -O-, -NH-, -N(R4)-, -NH-CO-NH-, -CONH-, -COO- and/or phenylene, R4 represents hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl and x, y and z represent zero or an integer from 1 to 40, where the sum x + y + z should be 10-40, n represents 0 or 1 and X<(-)> represents an anion, with the proviso that at least one ester group is present and at least 80 % of the alkylene oxide units consist of ethylene oxide units, are used as levelling agents, in particular in the dyeing of cellulose materials with direct dyes, and as detergents, emulsifiers and dispersants.