BEAM SHAPING AND PRACTICAL METHODS OF REDUCING LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH MATING EXTERNAL SOURCES AND OPTICS TO THIN SILICON WAVEGUIDES

摘要

A practical realization for achieving and maintaining high-efficiency transf er of light from input and output free-space optics to a high-index waveguide o f submicron thickness is described. The required optical elements and methods of fabricating, aligning, and assembling these elements are discussed. Maintaining high coupling efficiency reliably over realistic ranges of devic e operating parameters is discussed in the context of the preferred embodiment s.