| 摘要 |
<p>A pair of oxygen-containing organic compounds each having 2-8 carbon atoms and which either form an azeotropic mixture or boil so close as to be difficult to separate by conventional methods are separated by fractionally distilling them and contacting the ascending vapours with a descending stream of an aqueous solution of a salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing 5-12 carbon atoms whereby the relative volatility of said liquid pair is increased. The liquid pair must consist of (1) an alcohol and a ketone, e.g. 3- methyl -1-butanol and cyclopentanone n-pentanol and 2-methylcylopentanone, or n-butanol and methyl n-butyl ketone, (2) a ketone and an ester, e.g. methyl n-propyl ketone and n-propylacetate, (3) an aldehyde and a ketone, e.g. valeraldehyde and methyl n-propyl ketone, (4) an alcohol and an ester, e.g. ethanol and ethyl acetate; n-butanol and ethyl butyrate, or n-propyl alcohol and n-propyl acetate, (5) an aldehyde and an alcohol, (6) an aldehyde and an ester e.g. butyraldehyde and ethyl acetate or (7) two alcohols, e.g. t-butanol and iso-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and 2-butanol or n-butanol and 2-pentanol. The salt solutions preferably have a pH of 7-8 and may be adjusted to this value by the addition of freealiphatic monocarboxylic acid. The distillation is performed in a conventional extractive distillation column having a washing zone and a stripping zone.</p> |
