| 摘要 |
The construction of a wall module of superior insulation properties required for passive buildings, the method of its industrial production for easy to install at erection site as technical design of the load bearing steel truss of the defined height, width and thickness, made of appropriate shaped steel elements, of appropriate dimensions, positioned appropriately to form the structure and fixed in compliance with all relevant requirements of the professional building practice and regulations. Steel elements are mostly C elements, horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C elements with fastening mechanisms fastened on the outside horizontally (2.1) and vertically (2.2) with internal (1.3) and external (1.4) spacers positioned on their sides of low thermal conductivity, on which internal (6.2) and external (6.3) lining panels are placed of the appropriate thickness defining in such manner the total thickness of the wall. The complete wall is factory-built so that the developed steel structure with all needed installation channels built in and with placed lining panels is placed in the appropriate press to inject expanded polyurethane in the space between the lining and the outside line of the steel structure that forms the wall, at approximately 3-bar pressure, which then expands and squeezes out the air from within the structure thereby creating a compact fill mass eliminating any risk of damp and condensation in the wall, at the same time improving for at least 30% the statics of the steel structure. In this way a full compact wall of precise dimensions is built in a factory to the full completion with all ceramic tiles and parquet flooring, with all needed installation channels built in, with all openings including window and door openings of excellent insulation properties with the heat penetration coefficient U of approximately 0.14 W/(m2K°) which is less than 0.15 W/(m2K°) as the limit value for the compliance with passive house characteristics. Walls produced in entirety or in segments according to the described invention are transported to the site and installed, all the walls or their segments are joined, with fastening mechanisms vertically and horizontally, to make complete building structures. Because this invention allows the precise building of walls, in entirety or in segments, their installation after the transport on site is easy, based on precisely defined figures and methods, with the minimum labor and in a short time period, with only a few tools and equipment needed for the job. If all such modules, i.e., all wall elements are factory-made, with all windows, doors, utility channels and/or other additional elements installed in the production facility, one can make in advance the entire structure before it is brought to the building site, which results in a very flexible building concept with additionally reduced building costs. |
| 主权项 |
1. The construction of a wall module of superior insulation properties required for passive buildings, the method of its industrial production for easy to install at erection site includes the technical design of the load bearing steel truss for a specific structure intended for a specific purpose, of specified dimensions, the location and the layout of premises, based on the appropriate calculations done according to the established method, in compliance with all essential requirements set in the building regulations, such as pressure strength, resistance to earthquake and wind, fire safety, defining the load bearing steel structure of the wall with all appertaining components and all needed door and window openings, but also with channels for all needed installations, for example electricity and telecommunications with installed plumbing and sewer installations, whereby such defined steel structure consists of elements of the determined shape and dimensions, mostly C elements, horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C elements, made of steel sheathing of the appropriate thickness and appropriately joined according to the established method, and between them, as necessary, to provide additional strength, according to calculations, additional steel reinforcement elements (8.1) are built, in addition to horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C elements, characterized in that suitable wall fasteners are fixed inside specified horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C elements of the steel structure, in accordance with calculations made according to all relevant requirements of the building profession and the regulations, in walls or their segments to fasten/tighten the walls horizontally (2.1) and vertically (2.2) with fasteners, whereby the fastener cylinder (3.1) with the housing and the fastener nut (3.3) with the housing are placed in the C element inside the space defined by the internal surface (4.1) at the bottom of the C element with two internal side surfaces (4.2) of the C element such that neither the fastener cylinder (3.1) nor the fastener nut (3.2) protrude in any way beyond the volume of the C element but they are at the distance (D) from the edge (3.4) of the C element, when fastened horizontally or vertically, and the fastener cylinder (3.1) with the housing and the fastener nut (3.3) with the housing, are laid in the direction of the axis (4.3) of the C element, placed, in general, in the corner to lean against and be fixed appropriately to the internal surface (4.1) at the bottom of the C element and the corresponding internal side surface (4.2) of the C element, in which way they are joined more firmly. |
