Laboratory-scale heating of fluids

摘要

Fluid (2) is contained in an inner phial (10) or test tube, located in a heating block (4). A second phial is centered, either by a spacer ring (11) or with protrusions molded into its walls. Vapor passes through a narrow gap (12) between the phials. A cooling block (7) surrounds the phial (1) in the region of the gap so that vapor is condensed. The gap need not be cylindrical or of uniform width. An injection needle passes through the inner phial (10) for depositing or removing fluid. The needle may also pass through a cooling coil in the phial.