| 摘要 |
Olefinic hydrocarbons containing 7 to 11 carbon atoms or mixtures such as coal oil obtained in the low temperature carbonization of coal or Edeleanu extract from petroleum oils are treated to obtain alcohols and ketones having the same number of carbon atoms. The oil is hydrated by treatment with sulphuric acid, of 85-95 per cent strength and in amount twice that required for conversion of the olefines into alkyl hydrogen sulphates. The hydration is effected at between 0 DEG C. and room temperature and in presence of copper and silver salts and particularly cuprous chloride in presence of copper turnings. A mixture of secondary and tertiary alcohols is obtained by steam distillation of the diluted mixture, and ketones are formed therefrom either by oxidation for example by chromic acid or by catalytic dehydrogenation as by passing the vapours at 250-400 DEG C. over a catalyst such as copper deposited on pumice, asbestos or bentonite. The tertiary alcohols form again the corresponding olefines which are separated from the ketones by solution in sulphuric acid or by distribution between two non-miscible solvents such as light petroleum and methanol, the latter of which dissolves the ketones. In an alternative process the olefines which form tertiary alcohols are first separated by preliminary treatment with a weaker acid, e.g. sulphuric acid of 60 per cent strength followed by hydrolysis of the product and separation of tertiary alcohols. Specification 574,963 is referred to.
|
