| 摘要 |
The invention relates to methods for obtaining building and insulating materials which are suitable for use on building sites, are inwardly reflective, have a closed-pore structure and can be cut to size in situ. To this purpose, degassing processes are broken off during melting before degassing under vacuum is completed and the material is formed to vacuum foams, single pores (hollow spheres), fibres, agglomerates, coatings or plates. A two-stage production process is preferably used, where the known production or deformation process (e.g. glass melt) is first carried out in such a manner that micropores are produced which are subsequently expanded in the vacuum and are successively heated with wave fields (HF/microwave, arc, etc) until the theoretical minimum wall thickness is reached. Preferably, plasmas are produced in the interior of the pores by clocked waves (heating of pores from the inside). Due to the rapid alternation of temperature increase and pressure increase, induced by the wave pulses, the wall material is capable of expansion, whereby the bursting of pores is prevented. The formation of plasma allows or facilitates chemical and physical reactions which lead to the sublimation or condensation of the pore content and thereby improve the formation of vacuum, provide a reflecting layer on the pore wall and convert the material into a pre-tensioned state of increased strength. According to the principle of gap grading and by using nanoparticles or microparticles as support bodies and spacers, the volume of the web elements can be minimized and at the same time the transmission and radiation of IR waves into the interior of the pores and along the frame structure are minimized by infrared blocking. The resulting individual pores can be shaped to foam agglomerates, fibres, plates, coatings, granulates and bulk material. Only as a result of this shaping process, the required suitability for use on construction sites and in situ producibility under building site conditions can be achieved. In the event that the vacuum foam is connected in a non-positive manner to panel sheet metals and wall materials, the strength of the composite material (e.g. trapezoid sheet metal) can be significantly increased. In this way, a widely applicable, high-temperature insulating, but resilient building material is achieved. |
