| 摘要 |
A bituminous emulsion comprising at least one bituminous binder water and at least one cationic, anionic or nonionic emulsifier and at least one surfactant additive. The surfactant is either; (a) a polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant of formula (I) or (II) where: Rx is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched carbon chain, or an alkyl(ene)phenyl chain, in which chains the hydrogen may optionally partly of completely be substituted with fluorine, and with carbon or alkyl(ene)phenyl chains contain x carbon atoms; and y represents the number of ethylene oxide units; 7 d" x d" 22 and 0 d" y d"8 for surfactants corresponding to formula (I); and 7d" x d" 22 and 2d" y d"8 for surfactants corresponding to formula (II); (b) a polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant of formula: Rt[O(C2H4)] yOH or RtCO [O(C2H4)] yOH where Rt represents a linear of branched poly(dimethylsiloxane) chain which contains t silicon atoms; y represents the number of ethylene oxide units; and 4 d" t d"15 and 4 d" y d" 20; (c) an amphoteric surfactant of formula Rx[N+(CH3)2](CH2)yA, RxNH(CH2) yCOOH or RxNH(CH2) yB, C; where Rx is as defined in (a), A is COO-, OSO3- or OSO2-, B is OSO3- or OSO2-, C is the cationic counterion of an alkali metal of alkaline earth metal iron, copper, manganese or zinc, or the ammonium cation, in a proportion such that the salt is electrically neutral, y is the number of CH2 units, and 7 d" x d" 22 and 0 d" y d"4; (d) an amphoteric surfactant of formula Rt[N+(CH3)2] (CH2)yA, RtNH(CH2) yCOOH or RtNH(CH2) yB, C; where Rt is as defined in (b), A, B, C and y are as defined in (c) and 4 d" t d" 15 and 0 d" y d"4; (e) an alkanolamide surfactant of formula RxCONH(CH2) yOH or RxCON[(CH2)yOH] [(CH2)zOH]; where Rx is as defined in (a), y and Z represent the number of CH2 units and 7 d" x d" 22 and 0 d" y d" 4 and 1 d" z d" 4; or (f) an amide-oxide surfactant of formula Rx(CH3)2NO; where Rx is as defined in (a) and 7 d" x d" 22.
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