DEVELOPING MEMBER FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE DEVELOPING MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY

摘要

To provide an electrophotographic developing member which can both be kept from the sticking of a developer and be kept from being deformed by its contacting members, and can form stable images over a long period of time. An electrophotographic developing member characterized in that its surface layer satisfies the following expressions (1) to (3) where the average crosslinking density in each region of up to 100 nm in depth, from 100 nm to 200 nm in depth and from 200 nm to 300 nm in depth from the surface of the surface layer is represented by C1, C2 and C3 (mol/cm 3 ), respectively: C �¢ 3 < C �¢ 2 < C �¢ 1 ; C �¢ 3 × 1.3 ‰¤ C �¢ 1 ‰¤ C �¢ 3 × 5.0 ;
and 2.0 × 10 - 4 ‰¤ C �¢ 3 ‰¤ 7.0 × 10 - 4 .